Newsletter - Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences

ISSUE 39

AABC - Volume 92 (Suppl 1) - 2020

I have the pleasure to introduce the second issue of the Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (AABC) published this year (2019). This one is concentrated on Agrarian Sciences, with a total of 50 original papers. Even though the AABC have adapted the continuous publication mode, we still close volumes and provide the opportunity for those that are interested to acquire copies (print-on-demand).

In the present issue there are contributions in a variety of fields within Agrarian Sciences, such as original ways in mitigating climate change situations in pasturelands, influence of pesticides in soybean crops, and the effect of salinity in the embryonic development of the yellow clam.

There are also several papers in the AABC-92-suppl. 2 that deal with the application of genetic techniques like studies to prevent the spreading of foodborne diseases, infections of dwarf-cashew plants by pests, and bacterial microbiota in oyster farms.

Please keep in mind that since 2000 all papers published by this journal can be downloaded free of charge at the SciELO site. We also invite you to check on previous editions of the Newsletter are available at the ABC website.

During these pandemic times, sit back and to scroll through the text - there are several interesting papers that will surely help your research.

Alexander W. A. Kellner
Editor-in-Chief

AGRARIAN SCIENCES

1- Silvopastoral system with Eucalyptus as a strategy for mitigating the effects of climate change on Brazilian pasturelands
Authors: Cristiam Bosi, José Ricardo M. Pezzopane & Paulo Cesar Sentelhas

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Eucalyptus trees in a silvopastoral system on the microclimate and the capacity of that to mitigate the effects of climate change on pasturelands. The trees promoted significant shading within the silvopastoral system. Wind speed was consistently lower in the silvopastoral system, owing to the windbreak effect of the trees. The results demonstrated that silvopastoral systems can be used to attenuate the effects of climate change, as trees can protect pastureland from intense solar radiation and wind, thereby reducing evapotranspiration and, consequently, improving soil water availability for the understory crop.

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2- Effective microorganisms inoculant: Diversity and effect on the germination of palisade grass seeds
Authors: Lidiane F. dos Santos, Rogério P. Lana, Marliane C.S. da Silva, Tomás G.R. Veloso, Maria Catarina M. Kasuya  & Karina G. Ribeiro

Effective Microorganisms (EM) are inoculants formed by fungi and bacteria isolated from forests. However, no papers to date have identified their microbial composition. In this study, we identified by the first time the diversity of the bacteria and fungi of EM using new generation sequencing and showed that this inoculant can be an alternative to increase palisade grass seeds germination.

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3- Morphoanatomical injuries in Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) as a result of exposure to clomazone in water
Authors: Victor Hugo V. Ribeiro, Italo A.C. Coutinho, Brenda T.B. Alencar, Cassia M. Cabral, Jose B. dos Santos, Evander A. Ferreira & Dayana M.T. Francino

Water sources contamination by clomazone is a concern due to the potential leaching of this herbicide. Herbicide impacts on non-target species as aquatic plants was major driver of this research. The objective of this study was to investigate morphoanatomical injuries on Pistia stratiotes exposed to concentrations of clomazone in the water. Morphoanatomical leaf injuries were noticed. The plants increased biomass under the lower concentrations’ exposure. Even though clomazone concentrations were not lethal to P. stratiotes, the morphoanatomical damages on the plant leaves support the use of this species as a bioindicator of this herbicide in the water.

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4- Identification of Listeria monocytogenes in cattle meat using biochemical methods and amplification of the hemolysin gene
Authors: Alessandra S. Silva, Elizabeth A.A. Duarte, Thiago A.S. de Oliveira & Norma S. Evangelista-Barreto

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen that causes listeriosis, an important disease transmitted to man through the consumption of beef and other foods. It is an ubiquitous bacterium that multiplies at -1 to 45 °C and in saline conditions (including in smoked foods). In this respect, the correct and rapid identification of Listeria spp. it is crucial to the prevent foodborne disease outbreak. As well, as monitoring and detecting  this pathogen in meat, milk, fish and other foods consumed in uncooked (raw),  undercooked, inadequately pasteurized and smoked-foods that are potentially involved  with listeriosis.

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5- Trap nest preference of solitary bees in fragments of the Baturité massif, Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Michelle O. Guimarães-Brasil, Daniel F. Brasil, Alípio J.S. Pacheco-Filho, Cláudia I. Silva & Breno M. Freitas

The study investigated the native solitary bees that nest in pre-existing cavities in the Baturité Massif, State of Ceará, Brazil. It showed that species belonging to bee genera that are important pollinators of wild and cultivated plant species such as Megachile, Centris and Euglossa are present in the areas and can accept artificial nesting facilities, mainly bamboo internodes, the preferred nesting substrate. The unprecedented knowledge produced in this study may contribute to assist in the maintenance, conservation and promotion of these bee species in the region and can be useful for pollination services of native and agricultural plants.

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6- Genetic parameters for performance and carcass traits in a paternal 1 lineage of broiler
Authors: Valdecy A.R. Cruz, Natalia V. Grupioni, Gabriela G. Mendonça, Guilherme C. Venturini, Monica C. Ledur, Jane O. Peixoto & Danisio P. Munari

The objective of this study was to estimate variance components for performance and carcass traits in a paternal broiler line. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 to 0.42. The genetic correlations between traits ranged from -0.50 to 0.97. The heritability estimates of feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion from 35 to 41 days of age were of low magnitude. The genetic correlations among them the traits were favorable to genetic selection. These results suggest that moderate genetic gain can be obtained to the feed intake and weight gain when the selection criterion is the body weight and prime cuts traits.

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7- Environmental risk for aquatic and terrestrial organisms associated with drift from pesticides used in soybean crops
Authors: Mariana R. Bueno & João Paulo A.R. da Cunha

Several countries included the assessment of drift environmental contamination risk for the registration of pesticides. This practice is not yet totality effective in Brazil; however, due to the large number of pesticides in use, it is important to identify the real contamination risk during pesticide spraying. Therefore, this study focuses on assessing indices of environmental risks for exposure to drift from terrestrial applications of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides that are used in soybean crops under Brazilian climate conditions and established buffer zones. Based on prediction drift models for soybeans in Brazil, risk indices were computed for aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

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8- Influence of wing bands and behavior of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) by the presence of Megafreya sutrix (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors:  Priscilla C. Gobbi, Adrise M. Nunes, Edison Zefa & Flavio R.M. Garcia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of wing bands and the behavior of Anastrepha fraterculus in the presence of Megafreya sutrix. The values found for predation of A. fraterculus were significant when compared to M. domestica when evaluating the predation factor, showing that, A. fraterculus is less predated than M. domestica. It was found that the wing patterns did not influence the predatory behavior of M. sutrix.

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9- Embryo and larval development of the yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854) (Mesodesmatidae) in laboratory
Authors: Juan J.S. Santos, Juliana P. Bernardes, Juan R.B. Ramírez, Cássio O. Ramos, Carlos Henrique A. de Miranda Gomes & Luis Alberto Romano

The objective of this article was to perform and report for the first time the larval of the marine bivalve Mesodesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854) in laboratory. Under laboratory conditions, larviculture lasted 27 days. These results provide an understanding of the embryonic and larval development of this animal and serve as the basis for future research on the effect of other parameters, in order to establish a complete technological package of mollusc culture of this important species in the regions in which it is endemic. 

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10- Population dynamics and infestation of Holopothrips fulvus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in dwarf cashew genotypes
Authors: Gabriela Priscila S. Maciel, Nivia  S. Dias-Pini, José Wagner S. Melo, Élison Fabrício B. Lima, Maria G.A. de Lima & Wenner Vinicius A. Saraiva

Holopothrips fulvus is an insect pest that causes damage to cashew plants. We found that H. fulvus occurs from October to December and that it infests dwarf-cashew plants depending upon the flowering period of the crop. We identified some dwarf-cashew genotypes less infested by the pest. These genotypes should be considered as resistant plant material to be employed in future breeding programs of dwarf‐cashew.

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11- Inhibition kinetics of digestive proteases for Anticarsia gemmatalis
Authors: Adriana M. Patarroyo-Vargas, Gláucia Cordeiro, Carolina R. da Silva, Camila R. da Silva, Eduardo G. Mendonça, Liliane E. Visôtto, José C. Zanuncio, Wellington G. Campos & Maria Goreti A. Oliveira

The control via inhibition of the digestive enzymes necessitates  knowledge of the enzyme kinetics and the characterization of the inhibition kinetics of these proteases. Trypsin-like proteases found in the gut of Anticarsia gemmatalis were purified. Kinetic characterization showed K_M 0.503 mM for the L-BApNA substrate; V_max= 46.650 nM s^-1; V_max/[E]= 9.256 nM s^-1 mg L^-1 and V_max/[E]/K_M= 18.402 nM s^-1 mg L^-1 mM. The Ki values for the inhibitors benzamidine, berenil, SKTI and SBBI were 11.2 µM, 32.4 µM, 0.25 nM and 1.4 nM, respectively, and all revealed linear competitive inhibition. The SKTI showed the greatest inhibition.

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12- Nutritional assay Pereskia spp.: unconventional vegetable
Authors: Melissa G. Silveira, Camila T.R. Picinin, Marcelo Ângelo Cirillo, Juliana M. Freire & Maria de Fátima P. Barcelos

Pereskia grandifolia Haworth and Pereskia aculeata Miller leaves are an important ally against protein and micronutrient deficiencies. One of the main problems is the presence of antinutritional factors. Evaluated the amino acid profile and the chemical score of the raw leaves and the effects of heating media and time on the total dietary fiber, minerals, trypsin inhibition, oxalic acid and tannins. Heating media and times interfered with the chemical components present in the leaves of Pereskia species and led to high antinutrient retention after heat treatment.

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13- Multivariate diallel analysis by factor analysis for establish mega-traits
Authors: Maicon Nardino, Willian S. Barros, Tiago Olivoto, Cosme Damião Cruz, Fabyano F. e Silva, Alan J. de Pelegrin, Velci Q. de Souza, Ivan R. Carvalho, Vinicius J. Szareski, Antonio C. de Oliveira, Luciano C. da Maia & Valmor A. Konflanz

We propose a method of multivariate analysis used for stablishing mega-traits (MTs) in diallel trials. The proposed model is applied in the evaluation of a multi-environment complete diallel. The diallel analyzes based on mega-traits present an important evolution in statistical procedures since the selection is based on several traits. We believe that the proposed method fills an important gap of plant breeding. In our example, three MTs were established. The first, formed by plant stature-related traits, the second by tassel size-related traits, and the third by grain yield-related traits. Individual and joint diallel analysis using the established MTs allowed identifying the best hybrid combinations for achieving F1's with lower plant stature, tassel size, and higher grain yield.

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14- Economic microbiological conversion of agroindustrial wastes to fungi chitosan
Authors: Anabelle C.L. Batista, Taynara B.L. Melo, Weslley S. Paiva, Fábio S. de Souza & Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki

We used individually agroindustrial wastes as the only nutritional sources for chitosan production by Syncephalastrum racemosum. The growth conditions were evaluated according to Factorial Design in submerged culture. The best conditions used was in corn steep liquor. The microbiological chitosan obtained has deacetilation degree 88.14% and was checked others parameters. We performed a kinetic study and confirmed that at 36 h the chitosan production is higher and the physical-chemical characteristics were maintained. This research describes, for the first time, the factorial study of chitosan production by S. racemosum in agroindustrial wastes and its economic potential for commercialization.

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15- Age and calving time affects production efficiency of beef cows and their calves
Authors: Marcia F. Bitencourt, Liliane Cerdótes, João Restle, Pablo T. Costa, Tiago A. Fernandes, Otoniel G.L. Ferreira, Daniel D. Silveira & Ricardo Z. Vaz

The age of the cow and the calving season within the breeding season are determinants of better economic results. In beef cattle production systems that seek to increase productive efficiency is necessary to improve nutritional levels for growing cows, as well as to seek the anticipation of conceptions within the breeding season to make production feasible. These two characteristics help to identify which animals in the production systems should receive better conditions and, thus, determine higher performances and productivity indicators always in search and improvement of the selection of animals better adapted to different types and production systems.

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16- Formononetin accelerates mycorrhization and increases maize production at low phosphorus application rates
Authors: Jessé V. dos Santos, Paula R.A. Ribeiro, Maria Angélica B. Carneiro, Isaac C. Soares, Ivan V.A. Fiorini, Leandro L. Cancellier, Adriano D. Veiga, Carlos Juliano B. Albuquerque, Renzo G. Von Pinho & Fatima M.S. Moreira

The formononetin biostimulant may reduce needs of P fertilization once it stimulates mycelial growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increases plant ability to take up nutrients, especially phosphorus. This study evaluated the effect of formononetin associated with phosphorus fertilization in maize in five field experiments. Experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement (0, 50 or 70, and 140 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅; and formononetin application rates: 0, 25, 50, and 100 g ha^-1). The application of 50 and 100 g ha^-1 of formononetin significantly increased grain yield (22%-76%) when no P fertilizer was applied.

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17- Comparative economic analysis of soil sampling methods used in precision agriculture
Authors: José Roberto M.R. Gonçalves, Gabriel A.S. Ferraz, Étore F. Reynaldo, Diego B. Marin & Patrícia F.P. Ferraz

This study evaluated and economically compared three sampling methods used in precision agriculture with respect to the acquisition of inputs and machines and equipment. The sampling methods used were zone management by elevation, grid sampling and sampling guided by apparent electrical conductivity of the soil. From the results of the laboratory tests, the application costs were calculated for lime, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen to allow a comparison between the methods, volumes and costs. With this study, it was possible to compare the volumes of the recommended fertilizers and estimate the overall economic cost of using the technology via sensor.

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18- Productive, metabolic and anatomical parameters of menthol mint are influenced by light intensity
Authors: Marco Andre A. de Souza, Renan P. Braga, André M. dos Santos, Joecildo F. Rocha, Rosane N. Castro, Manlio S. Fernandes & Sonia R. de Souza

In this study, we evaluated how different light intensities influence metabolic, chemical and anatomical parameters in the cultivation of Mentha arvensis L. We evaluated parameters such as mass gain, trichome density, essential oil content, cellular metabolites, such as, sugars and nitrogen fractions, and photosynthetic pigments. We found a strong influence of light availability in menthol mint plants cultivation, which was strongly correlated to essential oil content and secretory trichomes density. Thus, we present important characteristics for the cultivation of menthol mint, suggesting further studies to establish the best conditions of cultivation, as spacing and/or ideal intercropping condition with other crops.

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19- Metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiota associated with cultured oysters (Crassostrea sp.) in estuarine environments
Authors: Aline Horodesky, Gisela G. Castilho-Westphal, Giorgi Dal Pont, Helisson Faoro, Eduardo Balsanelli, Michelle Z. Tadra-Sfeir, Nathieli Cozer, Marcio Roberto Pie & Antonio Ostrensky

The bacterial microbiota associated with farmed oysters in the north-eastern region of Brazil was studied. DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were performed. We identified 106 genera of bacteria from 103 families, 70 orders, 39 classes, and 21 phyla. From the total genera, 37.7, 8.5, and 5.6% represented bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans, known to cause foodborne diseases and potentially pathogenic to oysters, respectively. The most prevalent genera were Mycoplasma, Propionigenium, Psychrilyobacter, and Arcobacter. We suggest the implementation of intensive and systematic monitoring of bacteria from those genera in oyster farming operating in the studied area.

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20- Dwarf cashew antibiotic and antixenotic resistance to the whitefly Aleurodicus cocois
Authors: Elaine S.S. Goiana, Nivia S. Dias Pini, Francisco C. Vidal-Neto, Antônio A. Gomes Filho, Cherre S. Bezerra da Silva  & Wenner V.A. Saraiva

The cashew whitefly, Aleurodicus cocois, is an important pest of cashew in Brazil. The use of resistant plants may be an effective strategy for the control of this pest. The aim of the present study was to identify A. cocois resistant genotypes among five dwarf cashew clones available in the germplasm bank of Embrapa/Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Agroindústria Tropical. The genotypes CCP76, PRO143/7 and BRS274 exhibited antibiosis resistance in relation to the cashew whitefly, and should be considered suitable candidates for use in the cashew breeding program.

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21- Individual selection of the first backcross generation of passion fruit potentially resistant to the fruit woodiness disease
Authors: Sandra C. Preisigke, Alexandre P. Viana, Eileen A. Santos, Paulo Ricardo dos Santos, Moisés Ambrósio, Valquíria O. dos Santos & Flavia A. da Silva

This study addresses important aspect of passion fruit culture, such as the estimation of genetic parameters of agronomic characteristics to obtain genetic progress with individual selection in populations potentially resistant to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The results obtained in this manuscript anticipate prospects for the possible control of CABMV (by genetic resistance) in passion fruit crop in Brazil and in the future will culminate with the release of a CABMV resistant passion fruit cultivar.

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22- Insecticidal properties and chemical composition of Piper aduncum L., Lippia sidoides Cham. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi essential oils against Plutella xylostella L.
Authors: Mário J.C. de Araújo, Cláudio A.G. da Camara, Marcilio M. de Moraes & Flávia S. Born

Were evaluated the chemical composition of the essential oils from the leaves of Piper aduncum, Lippia sidoides and Schinus terebinthifolius, as well as effects of oils, binary blends oils and selected constituents against larvae of Plutella xylostella. Dillapiole, carvacrol and β-caryophyllene were identified as the main constituents of the Piper, Lippia and Schinus oils, respectively. The Piper oil, dillapiole and carvacrol demonstrated the greatest toxicity and feeding deterrence in tests. A synergistic interaction was found for the blend of the Lippia and Schinus oils. The present findings indicate that this blend could be used in the control of P. xylostella.

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23- Weight and body yield of selectively bred tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) farmed in different environments
Authors: Rebeca Marcos, Ruy A.C. Corrêa Filho, Janessa S. de Abreu, Guilherme N. Seraphim. Ana C.C. Silva, Darci C. Fornari, Ricardo P. Ribeiro, Yasmin A. Ferreira, Kamyla F.S. Gama & Jayme A. Povh

The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight and body yield of two families of selectively bred tambaqui farmed in different environments. Two families (FA and FB) were reared in two environments (MT and MS) for 431 days. Fish in MT had a higher (P<005) pre-bleeding weight and the fish produced in MS showed higher (P<0.05) offal yield and visceral fat yield. In MT environment provides higher pre-bleeding weight and clean-trunk yield and lower offal and visceral-fat yields than the MS environment. No interaction effect between the evaluated families and environments was detected on the evaluated traits.

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24- Essential oil from Ocimum basilicum improves growth performance and does not alter biochemical variables related to stress in pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)
Authors: Samantha Chung, Carlos H. da P. Lemos, Daniel V. Teixeira, Rodrigo Fortes-Silva & Carlos E. Copatti

The study evaluated the dietary addition of essential oil from sweet basil Ocimum basilicum (EOOB) on growth and biochemical responses of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) juveniles submitted to high stocking density. Four diets were evaluated with increasing levels of EOOB (0.0 control; 0.5; 1.0; and 2.0 mL kg diet^-1) over 48 days. The major chemical compound of EOOB was linalool. The addition of 2.0 mL EOOB kg diet^-1 is recommended for pirarucu juveniles, due to improved growth performance, and this supplementation did not compromise the homeostasis of fish rearing in a high stocking density.

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25- Isolation and selection of endophytic spore-forming bacteria with plant growth promoting properties isolated from Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (yerba mate)
Authors: Margarita E. Laczeski, Andrea L. Onetto, Iliana J. Cortese, Gisela Y. Mallozzi, María Lorena Castrillo, Gustavo Á Bich, Fermín Gortari, Pedro D. Zapata & Mónica B. Otegui

The objective of this study was to isolate spore-forming endophytic bacteria with plant growth promoting properties associated with yerba mate seedlings and determine their phytobeneficial effect under controlled laboratory conditions. The sporulation capacity of isolated bacteria was tested and plant growth promoting properties were evaluated in vitro. The most promising isolates were identified via analyses of the sequence of their 16S rDNA gene as Bacillus circulans (12RS3) and Bacillus altitudinis (19RS3, T5S-T4). After 120 days yerba mate seedlings showed higher root dry weight when inoculated with isolate 19RS3 and higher shoot dry weight with 19RS3 and T5S-T4.

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26- Diversity and phenology of epigeal Coleoptera assemblages in lettuce and tomato crops in Northern Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Authors: Julia Rouaux, Nora Cabrera, Ana S. Martínez, Mariana C. Posse & María Gabriela Luna

We examined the community structure of epigeal Coleoptera assemblages of Curculionidae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Coccinellidae species in lettuce and tomato crops located in Northern Buenos Aires province, Argentina, over a 3-year sampling period (2010 to 2013). Crop species and cycles, and phytosanitary measures (conventional and organic farming), were main factors considered as influencing the insect species composition, abundance and seasonal occurrence in the assemblages. Seventy coleopteran species were identified. Coleopteran assemblages found in lettuce differed from those associated to tomato crops, being the cropping season the main factor that influenced the community structure.

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27- Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil as an additive improves growth, biochemical and physiological responses and survival against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia
Authors: Elizângela M. de Souza, Renilde C. de Souza, José F.B. Melo, Mateus M. da Costa, Seldon A. de Souza, Anderson M. de Souza & Carlos E. Copatti

This study provides information about the effects of essential oil of lemongrass Cymbopogon flexuosus (EOCF) on growth and physiological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Five diets were evaluated with increasing levels of EOCF (0.0 - control; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0 and 2.0 mL kg diet-1) over 45 days. Citral was the main constituent of EOCF. It was verified 2.0 mL EOCF kg diet-1 has potential for use as a dietary supplement to improve growth performance, biochemical and hematological parameters and activity of intestinal enzymes and to treat Aeromonas spp. infection in Nile tilapia juveniles.

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28- Effect of salinity on embryo-larval development of yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854) in laboratory
Authors: Juan J.S. Santos, Juliana P. Bernardes, Juan R.B. Ramírez, Carlos Henrique A. de Miranda Gomes & Luis Alberto Romano

The objective of this article was to assess the effect of salinity on embryonic development, larval growth and survival of the yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854) in laboratory. The results in this study showed that as embryos as M. mactroides larvae can tolerate a salinity range between 25 and 35 ppt, with greater growth and survival in salinities of 35 ppt. Therefore, the use of optimum salinity in embryonic and larval development should allow in laboratory seed production of this species.

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29- High-throughput phenotyping of brachiaria grass seeds using free access tool for analyzing X-ray images
Authors: André D. de Medeiros, Laércio J. da Silva, Márcio D. Pereira, Ariadne M.S. Oliveira & Denise C.F.S. Dias

In this study, a method high-throughput phenotyping of free access for X-ray images of brachiaria grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Ruziziensis) seeds was proposed. In addition, the relation of the physical parameters with the physiological potential of the seeds was evaluated. The results obtained from this research demonstrate that the automated analysis of radiographic images allows in a simple and fast way to extract information on the physical characteristics of the seeds and to generate parameters related to the physiological quality of the seeds.

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30- Phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments and their effects on serum biochemistry, morphometry and intestinal health of broilers
Authors: Natália R.B. Chaves, Karina M.R.S. Nascimento, Charles Kiefer, Maurício S. Rosa, Henrique B. Feitas, Luanna L. Paiva, Thiago R. Silva, Larissa A.R. Silva, Violeta A. Macie, Cássia R.B. Leal, Alda I. Souza & Fabiana F. Zanoelo

To evaluate the association between phytase and xilanase (PX) in diets with nutritional adjustments on intestinal morphometry, serum biochemistry and microbiology of broilers, 250 broilers were distributed in a with five treatments, and five replicates: diet without PX; diet with an energy reduction of 100 kcal/kg without PX and three diets containing PX and energy reductions of 50, 100 and 150 Kcal/kg. In conclusion the association of phytase with xylanase in diets with ME reductions of 50, 100 and 150 Kcal/kg, digestible P, Ca and Na does not alter the intestinal morphometry, serum biochemistry or microbiology of broilers.

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31- Dispersal of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in cabbage, cucumber, and sweet corn
Authors: Ruan Carlos M. Oliveira, Patrik Luiz Pastori, Marianne G. Barbosa, Fabricio F. Pereira, José Wagner S. Melo & Thaís P.P. André

The dispersion capacity is fundamental to establish an efficient biological control program with parasitoids. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the dispersion and to estimate the number of release points of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), in sweet corn, cucumber and cabbage in the Ceará State. The dispersal ability of T. pretiosum released decreases with distance from the release point. The dispersal ability varied between 48.6m² up to 62.2m². For achieve an adequate uniformity of the distribution should be necessary increase the number of release points according with the crop.

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32- Compatibility in pollen-pistil interaction of interspecific crossings with Passiflora spp.
Authors: Wellington S. Soares, Claudio H.B. Bruckner, Wagner C. Otoni, Silvia P. de Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo M. dos Santos & Andrea D. Koehler

The interaction between pollen and pistil of different species of passion fruit is necessary so that interspecific crosses can be successfully performed, and thus interspecific hybrids with high hybrid vigor can be obtained. This approach still has few studies, mainly in the direction of intersections and possible causes of inconsistency of compatibility. The present work evaluated the compatibility between crossing of six species of Passiflora, you can see that between species there is unilateral incompatibility, being necessary the choice of which species will be used as female or male parent. Since it will directly influence fruit development.

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33- Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, and milk production of mid-lactation Jersey × Friesian cows fed diets containing different proportions of rumen-undegradable protein
Authors: Abdur Rehman, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Saeed, Abdul Manan, Adham Al-Sagheer, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Ayman A. Swelum & Abdullah N. Alowaimer

In dairy cattle, the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization can be improved when diets contain appropriate proportions of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP). An imbalance in the proportions of both RDP and RUP can cause substantial increases in N excretion. This N excretion increases the costs of milk production and exacerbates environmental pollution. The results of indicate that, from production and environmental perspectives, formulating the diets of mid-lactation dairy cows to contain 60% RUP and 40% RDP of crude protein results in enhanced milk production, milk protein, and N-utilization efficiency through reduced N excretion in feces and urine.

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34- Integrated control of target spot and yield of cotton in the Brazilian cerrado biome
Authors: Hugo M. de Souza, Gustavo F. Theodoro, Alfredo R. Dias, Christian R.W. Souza & Fernando F. Magalhães

Target spot is a fungal disease that has caused serious damage to cotton crops in Brazilian cerrado biome. In this study we examine if different cotton genotypes, plant heights and fungicide treatments can be used as tools of an integrated control method. The results presented in this study showed that the disease control strategies based on the use of different cotton cultivars, plant heights, and fungicide treatments made it possible to generate valuable information for a sustainable cotton crop.

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35- Somatic embryogenesis as an alternative for in vitro multiplication of Butia odorata from mature zygotic embryos
Authors: Samanta S. de Campos, Jonny E. Scherwinski-Pereira, Regina B. Bernd, Claudimar S. Fior & Sergio F. Schwarz

Butia odorata is a palm native to southern Brazil and Uruguay much appreciated for its fruits and economic potential. The objective was to identify the factors related to the induction of somatic embryogenesis in B. odorata. The results were promising during induction, with the formation of embryogenic calli and differentiation of somatic embryos. This is the first description of the formation of somatic embryos in B. odorata, which will serve as the basis for future research and exploration of explants such as leaves and inflorescences for the production of seedlings and clones with the application of somatic embryogenesis in vitro.

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36- Structural soil quality related to microbiological parameters in sugarcane
Authors: Dayane M. Garcia, Claudinei G. Silva, Vinicius R. Lansa, Edivaldo M. Nery, Nilson S. Silva, Odair Alberton, Nelson B. Colauto & Adriana P. da Silva

Sugarcane crop conventional tillage has been replaced by deep soil preparation with few studies about its effect on soil quality and sustainability. We have studied the structural volumes in a dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol subjected to conventional tillage and deep localized soil tillage to verify how the microbiological parameters were affected. The study was conducted in a soil derived from the Caiuá Sandstone formation in Brazil. Four trenches were dug for each soil tillage system to describe the cultural profile and evaluate carbon microbial biomass and nitrogen, basal respiration, and metabolic quotient.

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37- Protein, Phytate and Minerals in Grains of Commercial Cowpea Genotypes
Authors: Fabíola V. Gonçalves, Leonardo O. Medici, Marcos Paulo S. da Fonseca, Carlos Pimentel, Salete A. Gaziola & Ricardo A. Azevedo

The objective of this study was to investigate and characterize eighteen cowpea genotypes for total grain protein content, storage protein fractions (globulin, albumin, prolamin, basic and acid glutelins), and phytate and minerals contents. Although the results did not converge to the selection of a few genotypes, some specific differences were detected that which may be further explored. Considering total grain protein, mineral and phytate contents, the genotype Paulistinha revealed a better balance unveiling high grain total protein content, low grain phytate content and more homogeneous mineral composition.

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38- Production costs in the log processing of Eucalyptus spp. wood
Authors: Douglas E. Carvalho, Márcio P. Rocha, Romano Timofeiczyk Junior & Ricardo J. Klitzke

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production costs of processing logs from Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus saligna Sm. Alternating tangential sawing pattern was used for logs with a mean diameter of 33.0 cm and the radial sawing pattern for logs with a mean diameter of 47.0 cm. The radial sawing pattern presented lower average production costs, with a difference of 22.89 R$/m³, however there is no significant difference between the sawing pattern.

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39- Diagrammatic scale for quantifying severity of brown leaf spot on Carya illinoinensis
Authors: Tales Poletto, Marlove Fátima B. Muniz, Alessandro Dal’Col Lucio, Vinícius S. Fantinel, Arno Bernardo Heldwein, Lia Rejane S. Reiniger & Elena Blume

Brown leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus Ragnhildiana diffusa, is responsible for losses in pecan orchards and the severity quantification is essential in order to conduct epidemiological studies to establish levels of productivity losses, and assess control strategies. The scale was based on the minimum and maximum observed severity of the disease, with six graduations defined according to the Weber-Fechner Visual Stimulus Law. The estimates of eight evaluators provided a basis for validating the scale. The developed scale provides greater precision, accuracy, and reproducibility of estimates, resulting in more reliable epidemiological studies.

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40- Dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed yeast and its effect on the performance, intestinal microbiota, and immune response of weaned piglets
Authors: Patrícia N. Berto, Marcos L.P. Tse, Dênis R.A. Ramos, Mayra A.D. Saleh, Gabriela M. Miassi, Ricardo S. Yamatogi, Dirlei A. Berto & Messias A. Trindade Neto

In face of increasing restrictions on the use of some of these additives (antibiotics), interest has increased in studies on functional ingredients, such as autolyzed yeast which is rich in beta-glucans favoring immune response mechanisms. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of autolyzed yeast on performance, cecal microbiota, and leukogram of weaned piglets. Thus, autolyzed yeast levels between 0.4% and 0.5% improve the performance of weaned piglets; although its inclusion does not affect the microbiota and the values ​​of total leukocytes and fractions which in turn are reduced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide.

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41- Seeding rate in soybean according to the soil apparent electrical conductivity
Authors: Suzany S. Moura, Luiz T. França, Vitor S. Pereira, Paulo Eduardo Teodoro & Fábio H.R. Baio

Brazil is the largest country in the production of soybeans, a grain of great importance in food, and combating hunger in the world. Studies of the ideal population of soybean plants are carried out by varying the distribution between seeds and spacing between rows in small plots of experimental fields. There are no studies where ideal populations are applied according to the conditions of the chemical and physical attributes of the soil. Thus, precision farming techniques can contribute to maximize the productivity of this crop and reduce environmental impacts.

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42- The effects of genetic group and sex on residual feed intake, performance, morphometric, testicular, and carcass traits’ in lambs
Authors: Ana Carolina B. Freitas, Ricardo L.D. Costa, Celia R. Quirino, Aylton Bartholazzi Junior, Wilder H.O. Vega, Renato T. Beltrame & Fábio P. Campos

The main challenge for the coming years will be how to increase food production sustainably to meet progressive demand. Ruminants (in this case sheep) have the ability to ingest and transform foods rich in fiber, which cannot be efficient by humans in products of high nutritional value. The use and maintenance of more efficient herds bring benefits, both for the environment and for the profitability of the production system. However, this knowledge is still scarce for the sheep species, with considerable variability between animals. Thus, the aim was to investigate the residual feed intake in sheep, using automated feed stations.

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43- In vitro conservation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Ubá and Carlota cvs. through culturing immature embryos
Authors: Fernanda V.D. Souza, Celma C. Rebouças, Everton H. Souza & Clovis P. Peixoto

The in vitro rescue of immature embryos can be employed both for preservation of mango germplasm and rescue of hybrids produced from crosses to obtain traits of interest. The objective of this work was to establish a protocol for in vitro rescue of immature embryos aiming to preserve mango germplasm. The germination began on the sixth day after seeding The plantlets from immature embryos showed better development than those from aborted embryos. The results showed the viability of rescuing mango embryos in the immature phase and of their in vitro conservation for a period of 12 months.

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44- Performance, metabolic efficiency and egg quality in Japanese quails fed with acidulated soybean soapstock and lecithin for a prolonged period
Authors: Caroline Bavaresco, Suelen N. Silva, Renata C. Dias, Débora C.N. Lopes, Eduardo G. Xavier & Victor F.B. Roll

Alternative sources of fats, such as soybean acid oil, has been considered as an ingredient to be used in animal diets. The soybean acid oil are by-products derived from oil refinement, keeping 75 to 95% fatty acids from original sources, but with 40 to 90% of them as free fatty acids. They show lower digestibility due to a lack of monoglycerides, which play a role in fat absorption. To minimize these effects, is possible add in the diets an emulsifier like lecithin.

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45- Lipid Assessment, Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Profile of meat from broilers raised in four different rearing systems
Authors: Aline Giampietro-Ganeco, Marcel M. Boiago, Juliana L.M. Mello, Rodrigo A. de Souza, Fábio B. Ferrari, Pedro A. de Souza & Hirasilva Borba

Evaluated lipid and cholesterol concentration and fatty acid profile of raw breast, thigh and drumstick meat from broilers raised in different rearing systems. Were used 200 male broiler carcasses from four different rearing systems (n=50 from conventional intensive; n=50 from organic; n=50 from free-range; and n=50 from antibiotic-free) distributed in a completely randomized design with four rearing systems and 50 replications (carcasses). Meat from chickens raised in alternative rearing systems offers less risk to cardiovascular health because it presents lower concentrations of lipids and cholesterol, greater amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial for human health.

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46- Larval interactions between two aphidophagous coccinellids in sweet pepper
Authors:  Margarita Rocca, Estefanía Rizzo & Nancy M. Greco

Interactions between predators, such as cannibalism and intraguild predation -predation on a heterospecific competitor- are very common among ladybugs. Variations in aggressiveness and size of different larval instars could affect the intensity of these interactions. Moreover, larvae within-plant distribution could modify the encounter rate and affect also the predation. The Neotropical coccinellids, Cycloneda sanguinea and Eriopis connexa are important natural enemies of aphids in orchards of Argentina. The aims of our study were to estimate the intensity of the cannibalism and intraguild predation between larvae and to assess the effect of their within-plant distribution on larval mortality.

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47- Seed morphobiometry, morphology of germination and emergence of quinoa seeds ‘BRS Piabiru’
Authors: Daniele B. Rodrigues, Jefferson A. Cavalcante, Andreia S. Almeida, Camila A. Nunes, Ana Flávia A. Serrão, Luis Henrique Konzen, Anna S. Suñé & Lilian V.M. de Tunes

The knowledge about the morphological characters of seeds provides crucial data for identification and knowledge of the species' behavior with regard to determining the variability of the species, type of dispersion, of the dispersing agents, and in the interpretation of laboratory tests. In view of the importance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), research provides opportunities for the advancement of technical and scientific knowledge of this pseudocereal, which has provento have the potential to aggregate in economic terms and food security for the population.

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48- Influence of detergents and sodium hypochlorite on Yarrowia lipolytica biofilms in utensils used in industrial production of colonial cheese
Authors: Liliane A.S. Wanderley, Vanessa Z. Bergamo, Gabriella R.M. Machado, Rose Maria O. Mendes, Patrícia Valente & Alexandre M. Fuentefria

Yarrowia lipolytica biofilms are widely found in dairy products. This study investigated the effectiveness of detergents and sodium hypochlorite on the formation of Y. lipolytica biofilms in different utensils employed during industrial cheese production. As a result, in all coupons there was Y. lipolytica biofilm formation. The contact angle measurements were favored to promote the adhesion of the biofilm in the evaluated surfaces. Even after hygienization, a significant survival rate of planktonic cells was observed in all coupons. Thus, Y. lipolytica biofilms show a significant ability to adhere to polypropylene, presenting an important impact on the quality of colonial cheese.

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49- Effects of Different Nitrogen Dose and Sources as Top-Dressing on Yield and Silage Quality Attributes of Silage Maize
Authors: Sati Uzun, Hamdi Özaktan & Oğuzhan Uzun

To determine the effect of different nitrogen doses and sources on dry matter yield and silage quality of maize, after 7.5 kg N da^-1 application as starter fertilizer at sowing, nitrogen doses of 0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 kg da^-1 were applied as top-dressing at 6-leaf stage of maize in the forms of ammonium nitrate, urea, DMPP blended ammonium sulphate nitrate and urea with NBPT urease inhibitor. It was concluded based on present findings that besides the nitrogen doses, nitrogen sources also significantly improved dry matter yield. As compared to the control, nitrogen doses improved silage quality attributes.

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50- Eradication of eucalyptus sprouts after chemical weeding over time in State of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Caique C. Medauar, Samuel A. Silva, Luis Carlos C. Carvalho, Rafael A.S. Tibúrcio, Julião S.S. Lima & Philippe S. Oliveira

Monitoring the control of eucalyptus sprouts over time using a diagrammatic scale is a useful tool for managing silvicultural treatments and for evaluating the application quality of phytosanitary products. Therefore, the data obtained from this practice, allows the management to evaluate the efficiency of the chemical treatment, thus guiding the decision on new interventions when weeds or sprouts were not controlled.

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All abstracts of the publications were provided by the respective authors.

Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
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